A Comparative Study of Biometric Techniques for Secure and Fraud‑Resistant eCommerce Transactions

Abstract

Biometric authentication has emerged as a pivotal security paradigm in enabling secure, fraud‑resistant eCommerce transactions. As online commerce expands globally, traditional security measures such as passwords and tokens remain vulnerable to attacks, driving the need for more reliable identity verification mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of key biometric techniques — including fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, iris scanning, and behavioral biometrics — in the context of eCommerce security. We explore their strengths, limitations, real‑world applicability, and performance metrics under various attack scenarios. Experimental results highlight trade‑offs between security, usability, and system overhead, demonstrating that multimodal biometric systems offer significantly higher resilience against spoofing and fraud. Finally, we discuss future research trajectories and practical deployment challenges for next‑generation biometric authentication systems in eCommerce ecosystems.